Tony paints a picture of a system that works against Black students and their families. He was concerned that the use of Caribbean languages was read as intellectual deficiency and that this led to Black students from the Caribbean being placed in classes designed for students with learning difficulties. Tony observed the racist treatment of students by teachers and was concerned that recent immigrants were navigating a system where the racial biases were not always evident to them. In advocating for Black students and their families, Tony often found himself at loggerheads with school administrators, but he understood this trouble as an inevitable response to challenging the injustices that Black students and their families faced.  He refers to himself as a “troublemaker.”  This work sometimes had negative consequences for him but he embraced that role if that was what it took to see his students meet their full potential.